java.sql
Interface PreparedStatement

All Superinterfaces:

Statement

All Known Subinterfaces:

CallableStatement

public interface PreparedStatement

extends Statement

An object that represents a precompiled SQL statement.

A SQL statement is precompiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times.

Note: The setter methods (setShort, setString, and so on) for setting IN parameter values must specify types that are compatible with the defined SQL type of the input parameter. For instance, if the IN parameter has SQL type INTEGER, then the method setInt should be used.

If arbitrary parameter type conversions are required, the method setObject should be used with a target SQL type.

In the following example of setting a parameter, con represents an active connection:

   PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE EMPLOYEES
                                     SET SALARY = ? WHERE ID = ?");
   pstmt.setBigDecimal(1, 153833.00)
   pstmt.setInt(2, 110592)
 

See Also:

Connection.prepareStatement(java.lang.String), ResultSet

Field Summary

Fields inherited from interface java.sql.Statement

CLOSE_ALL_RESULTS, CLOSE_CURRENT_RESULT, EXECUTE_FAILED, KEEP_CURRENT_RESULT, NO_GENERATED_KEYS, RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS, SUCCESS_NO_INFO

Method Summary

void	addBatch() Adds a set of parameters to this PreparedStatement object's batch of commands.
void	clearParameters() Clears the current parameter values immediately.
boolean	execute() Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which may be any kind of SQL statement.
ResultSet	executeQuery() Executes the SQL query in this PreparedStatement object and returns the ResultSet object generated by the query.
int	executeUpdate() Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which must be an SQL INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.
ResultSetMetaData	getMetaData() Retrieves a ResultSetMetaData object that contains information about the columns of the ResultSet object that will be returned when this PreparedStatement object is executed.
ParameterMetaData	getParameterMetaData() Retrieves the number, types and properties of this PreparedStatement object's parameters.
void	setArray(int i, Array x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Array object.
void	setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length) Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes.
void	setBigDecimal(int parameterIndex, BigDecimal x) Sets the designated parameter to the given java.math.BigDecimal value.
void	setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length) Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes.
void	setBlob(int i, Blob x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Blob object.
void	setBoolean(int parameterIndex, boolean x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java boolean value.
void	setByte(int parameterIndex, byte x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java byte value.
void	setBytes(int parameterIndex, byte[] x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes.
void	setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, int length) Sets the designated parameter to the given Reader object, which is the given number of characters long.
void	setClob(int i, Clob x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Clob object.
void	setDate(int parameterIndex, Date x) Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value.
void	setDate(int parameterIndex, Date x, Calendar cal) Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value, using the given Calendar object.
void	setDouble(int parameterIndex, double x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java double value.
void	setFloat(int parameterIndex, float x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java float value.
void	setInt(int parameterIndex, int x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java int value.
void	setLong(int parameterIndex, long x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java long value.
void	setNull(int parameterIndex, int sqlType) Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL.
void	setNull(int paramIndex, int sqlType, String typeName) Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL.
void	setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x) Sets the value of the designated parameter using the given object.
void	setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType) Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
void	setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scale) Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
void	setRef(int i, Ref x) Sets the designated parameter to the given REF(<structured-type>) value.
void	setShort(int parameterIndex, short x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java short value.
void	setString(int parameterIndex, String x) Sets the designated parameter to the given Java String value.
void	setTime(int parameterIndex, Time x) Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value.
void	setTime(int parameterIndex, Time x, Calendar cal) Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value, using the given Calendar object.
void	setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, Timestamp x) Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value.
void	setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, Timestamp x, Calendar cal) Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value, using the given Calendar object.
void	setUnicodeStream(int parameterIndex, InputStream x, int length) Deprecated.
void	setURL(int parameterIndex, URL x) Sets the designated parameter to the given java.net.URL value.

Methods inherited from interface java.sql.Statement

addBatch, cancel, clearBatch, clearWarnings, close, execute, execute, execute, execute, executeBatch, executeQuery, executeUpdate, executeUpdate, executeUpdate, executeUpdate, getConnection, getFetchDirection, getFetchSize, getGeneratedKeys, getMaxFieldSize, getMaxRows, getMoreResults, getMoreResults, getQueryTimeout, getResultSet, getResultSetConcurrency, getResultSetHoldability, getResultSetType, getUpdateCount, getWarnings, setCursorName, setEscapeProcessing, setFetchDirection, setFetchSize, setMaxFieldSize, setMaxRows, setQueryTimeout

Method Detail

executeQuery

public ResultSet executeQuery()
                       throws SQLException

Executes the SQL query in this PreparedStatement object and returns the ResultSet object generated by the query.

Returns:

a ResultSet object that contains the data produced by the query; never null

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the SQL statement does not return a ResultSet object

executeUpdate

public int executeUpdate()
                  throws SQLException

Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which must be an SQL INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.

Returns:

either (1) the row count for INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the SQL statement returns a ResultSet object

setNull

public void setNull(int parameterIndex,
                    int sqlType)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL.

Note: You must specify the parameter's SQL type.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

sqlType - the SQL type code defined in java.sql.Types

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setBoolean

public void setBoolean(int parameterIndex,
                       boolean x)
                throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java boolean value. The driver converts this to an SQL BIT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setByte

public void setByte(int parameterIndex,
                    byte x)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java byte value. The driver converts this to an SQL TINYINT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setShort

public void setShort(int parameterIndex,
                     short x)
              throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java short value. The driver converts this to an SQL SMALLINT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setInt

public void setInt(int parameterIndex,
                   int x)
            throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java int value. The driver converts this to an SQL INTEGER value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setLong

public void setLong(int parameterIndex,
                    long x)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java long value. The driver converts this to an SQL BIGINT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setFloat

public void setFloat(int parameterIndex,
                     float x)
              throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java float value. The driver converts this to an SQL FLOAT value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setDouble

public void setDouble(int parameterIndex,
                      double x)
               throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java double value. The driver converts this to an SQL DOUBLE value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setBigDecimal

public void setBigDecimal(int parameterIndex,
                          BigDecimal x)
                   throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given java.math.BigDecimal value. The driver converts this to an SQL NUMERIC value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setString

public void setString(int parameterIndex,
                      String x)
               throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java String value. The driver converts this to an SQL VARCHAR or LONGVARCHAR value (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on VARCHAR values) when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setBytes

public void setBytes(int parameterIndex,
                     byte[] x)
              throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes. The driver converts this to an SQL VARBINARY or LONGVARBINARY (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on VARBINARY values) when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setDate

public void setDate(int parameterIndex,
                    Date x)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value. The driver converts this to an SQL DATE value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setTime

public void setTime(int parameterIndex,
                    Time x)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value. The driver converts this to an SQL TIME value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setTimestamp

public void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex,
                         Timestamp x)
                  throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value. The driver converts this to an SQL TIMESTAMP value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setAsciiStream

public void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex,
                           InputStream x,
                           int length)
                    throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large ASCII value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream. Data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.

Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value

length - the number of bytes in the stream

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setUnicodeStream

public void setUnicodeStream(int parameterIndex,
                             InputStream x,
                             int length)
                      throws SQLException

Deprecated.

Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. A Unicode character has two bytes, with the first byte being the high byte, and the second being the low byte. When a very large Unicode value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from Unicode to the database char format.

Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - a java.io.InputStream object that contains the Unicode parameter value as two-byte Unicode characters

length - the number of bytes in the stream

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setBinaryStream

public void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex,
                            InputStream x,
                            int length)
                     throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large binary value is input to a LONGVARBINARY parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.

Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value

length - the number of bytes in the stream

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

clearParameters

public void clearParameters()
                     throws SQLException

Clears the current parameter values immediately.

In general, parameter values remain in force for repeated use of a statement. Setting a parameter value automatically clears its previous value. However, in some cases it is useful to immediately release the resources used by the current parameter values; this can be done by calling the method clearParameters.

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setObject

public void setObject(int parameterIndex,
                      Object x,
                      int targetSqlType,
                      int scale)
               throws SQLException

Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. The second argument must be an object type; for integral values, the java.lang equivalent objects should be used.

The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType before being sent to the database. If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the interface SQLData), the JDBC driver should call the method SQLData.writeSQL to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing Ref, Blob, Clob, Struct, or Array, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type.

Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific abstract data types.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the object containing the input parameter value

targetSqlType - the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be sent to the database. The scale argument may further qualify this type.

scale - for java.sql.Types.DECIMAL or java.sql.Types.NUMERIC types, this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For all other types, this value will be ignored.

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

See Also:

Types

setObject

public void setObject(int parameterIndex,
                      Object x,
                      int targetSqlType)
               throws SQLException

Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. This method is like the method setObject above, except that it assumes a scale of zero.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the object containing the input parameter value

targetSqlType - the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be sent to the database

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

setObject

public void setObject(int parameterIndex,
                      Object x)
               throws SQLException

Sets the value of the designated parameter using the given object. The second parameter must be of type Object; therefore, the java.lang equivalent objects should be used for built-in types.

The JDBC specification specifies a standard mapping from Java Object types to SQL types. The given argument will be converted to the corresponding SQL type before being sent to the database.

Note that this method may be used to pass datatabase- specific abstract data types, by using a driver-specific Java type. If the object is of a class implementing the interface SQLData, the JDBC driver should call the method SQLData.writeSQL to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing Ref, Blob, Clob, Struct, or Array, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type.

This method throws an exception if there is an ambiguity, for example, if the object is of a class implementing more than one of the interfaces named above.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the object containing the input parameter value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs or the type of the given object is ambiguous

execute

public boolean execute()
                throws SQLException

Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which may be any kind of SQL statement. Some prepared statements return multiple results; the execute method handles these complex statements as well as the simpler form of statements handled by the methods executeQuery and executeUpdate.

The execute method returns a boolean to indicate the form of the first result. You must call either the method getResultSet or getUpdateCount to retrieve the result; you must call getMoreResults to move to any subsequent result(s).

Returns:

true if the first result is a ResultSet object; false if the first result is an update count or there is no result

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs or an argument is supplied to this method

See Also:

Statement.execute(java.lang.String), Statement.getResultSet(), Statement.getUpdateCount(), Statement.getMoreResults()

addBatch

public void addBatch()
              throws SQLException

Adds a set of parameters to this PreparedStatement object's batch of commands.

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

See Also:

Statement.addBatch(java.lang.String)

setCharacterStream

public void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,
                               Reader reader,
                               int length)
                        throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Reader object, which is the given number of characters long. When a very large UNICODE value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.Reader object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.

Note: This stream object can either be a standard Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the standard interface.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

reader - the java.io.Reader object that contains the Unicode data

length - the number of characters in the stream

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setRef

public void setRef(int i,
                   Ref x)
            throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given REF(<structured-type>) value. The driver converts this to an SQL REF value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

i - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - an SQL REF value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setBlob

public void setBlob(int i,
                    Blob x)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Blob object. The driver converts this to an SQL BLOB value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

i - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - a Blob object that maps an SQL BLOB value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setClob

public void setClob(int i,
                    Clob x)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Clob object. The driver converts this to an SQL CLOB value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

i - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - a Clob object that maps an SQL CLOB value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setArray

public void setArray(int i,
                     Array x)
              throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given Array object. The driver converts this to an SQL ARRAY value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

i - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - an Array object that maps an SQL ARRAY value

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

getMetaData

public ResultSetMetaData getMetaData()
                              throws SQLException

Retrieves a ResultSetMetaData object that contains information about the columns of the ResultSet object that will be returned when this PreparedStatement object is executed.

Because a PreparedStatement object is precompiled, it is possible to know about the ResultSet object that it will return without having to execute it. Consequently, it is possible to invoke the method getMetaData on a PreparedStatement object rather than waiting to execute it and then invoking the ResultSet.getMetaData method on the ResultSet object that is returned.

NOTE: Using this method may be expensive for some drivers due to the lack of underlying DBMS support.

Returns:

the description of a ResultSet object's columns or null if the driver cannot return a ResultSetMetaData object

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setDate

public void setDate(int parameterIndex,
                    Date x,
                    Calendar cal)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL DATE value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the date taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

cal - the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the date

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setTime

public void setTime(int parameterIndex,
                    Time x,
                    Calendar cal)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL TIME value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the time taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

cal - the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the time

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setTimestamp

public void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex,
                         Timestamp x,
                         Calendar cal)
                  throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL TIMESTAMP value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the timestamp taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the parameter value

cal - the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the timestamp

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setNull

public void setNull(int paramIndex,
                    int sqlType,
                    String typeName)
             throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL. This version of the method setNull should be used for user-defined types and REF type parameters. Examples of user-defined types include: STRUCT, DISTINCT, JAVA_OBJECT, and named array types.

Note: To be portable, applications must give the SQL type code and the fully-qualified SQL type name when specifying a NULL user-defined or REF parameter. In the case of a user-defined type the name is the type name of the parameter itself. For a REF parameter, the name is the type name of the referenced type. If a JDBC driver does not need the type code or type name information, it may ignore it. Although it is intended for user-defined and Ref parameters, this method may be used to set a null parameter of any JDBC type. If the parameter does not have a user-defined or REF type, the given typeName is ignored.

Parameters:

paramIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

sqlType - a value from java.sql.Types

typeName - the fully-qualified name of an SQL user-defined type; ignored if the parameter is not a user-defined type or REF

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.2

setURL

public void setURL(int parameterIndex,
                   URL x)
            throws SQLException

Sets the designated parameter to the given java.net.URL value. The driver converts this to an SQL DATALINK value when it sends it to the database.

Parameters:

parameterIndex - the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...

x - the java.net.URL object to be set

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.4

getParameterMetaData

public ParameterMetaData getParameterMetaData()
                                       throws SQLException

Retrieves the number, types and properties of this PreparedStatement object's parameters.

Returns:

a ParameterMetaData object that contains information about the number, types and properties of this PreparedStatement object's parameters

Throws:

SQLException - if a database access error occurs

Since:

1.4

See Also:

ParameterMetaData